7, Stickstoff (N)
Nitrogenium, lat. niter = Salpeter, gr. gennan = bilden; Salpeterbildner |
Säure-Base-Verhalten:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Säure/Base-Verhalten der Stickstoff-Oxide: |
|
Reaktionen mit: |
HF 100% |
H2SO4 conc. |
HCl 20% |
CH3COOH 25% |
H2O |
NH3 25% |
NaOH 10% kalt |
NaOH 50% heiß |
NaOH liq. 400°C |
N2O3 |
|
|
|
|
HNO2 |
NH4NO2 |
NaNO2 |
NaNO2 |
NaNO2 |
N2O5 |
NO2F |
(NO2)2SO4 |
NO2Cl |
|
HNO3 |
NH4NO3 |
NaNO3 |
NaNO3 |
NaNO3 |
|
Legende: |
Lösung |
|
Unlöslich |
|
sauer → neutral → alkalisch |
|
|
|
|
pKS-Werte von Säure-Base-Paaren (HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-) : |
Säurename |
Formel |
pKS-Wert |
Basenname |
Formel |
pKB-Wert |
|
Ammonium-Ion |
NH4+ |
9.21 |
Ammoniak |
NH3 |
4.79 |
Ammoniak |
NH3 |
35 |
Amid-Ion |
NH2- |
-21 |
|
Hydroxylammonium-Ion |
NH3OH+ |
8.20 |
Hydroxylamin |
NH2OH |
5.8 |
Hydroxylamin |
NH2OH |
13.7 |
Hydroxylamid-Ion |
NHOH- |
0.3 |
|
Methylammonium-Ion |
CH3NH3+ |
10.66 |
Methylamin |
CH3NH2 |
3.34 |
|
Dimethylammonium-Ion |
(CH3)2NH2+ |
10.73 |
Dimethylamin |
(CH3)2NH |
3.27 |
|
Trimethylammonium-Ion |
(CH3)3NH+ |
9.81 |
Trimethylamin |
(CH3)3N |
4.19 |
|
Ethylammonium-Ion |
C2H5NH3+ |
10.81 |
Ethylamin |
C2H5NH2 |
3.19 |
|
Diethylammonium-Ion |
(C2H5)2NH2+ |
10.49 |
Diethylamin |
(C2H5)2NH |
3.51 |
|
Triethylammonium-Ion |
(C2H5)3NH+ |
11.01 |
Triethylamin |
(C2H5)3N |
2.99 |
|
Propylammonium-Ion |
C3H7NH3+ |
10.57 |
Propylamin |
C3H7NH2 |
3.43 |
|
Dipropylammonium-Ion |
(C3H7)2NH2+ |
10.91 |
Dipropylamin |
(C3H7)2N |
3.09 |
|
Tripropylammonium-Ion |
(C3H7)3NH+ |
10.66 |
Tripropylamin |
(C3H7)3N |
3.34 |
|
Phenylammonium-Ion |
C6H5NH3+ |
4.63 |
Anilin |
C6H5NH2 |
9.37 |
|
Diphenylammonium-Ion |
(C6H5)2NH2+ |
0.78 |
Diphenylamin |
(C6H5)2NH |
13.22 |
|
Triphenylammonium-Ion |
(C6H5)3NH+ |
-5 |
Triphenylamin |
(C6H5)3N |
19 |
|
Nitromethan |
NO2CH3 |
10.2 |
Nitromethyl-Ion |
NO2CH2- |
3.8 |
|
Nitramin |
NO2NH2 |
6.60 |
Nitramid-Ion |
NO2NH- |
7.4 |
|
Dihydrazinium-Ion |
N2H62+ |
-0.88 |
Hydrazinium-Ion |
N2H5+ |
14.88 |
Hydrazinium-Ion |
N2H5+ |
7.93 |
Hydrazin |
N2H4 |
6.07 |
Hydrazin |
N2H4 |
24.7 |
Hydrazid-Ion |
N2H3- |
-10.7 |
|
Methylhydrazidium-Ion |
CH3N2H4+ |
7.87 |
Methylhydrazin |
CH3N2H3 |
6.13 |
|
Ethylhydrazidium-Ion |
C2H5N2H4+ |
7.99 |
Ethylhydrazin |
C2H5N2H3 |
6.01 |
|
Phenylhydrazidium-Ion |
C6H5N2H4+ |
5.21 |
Phenylhydrazin |
C6H5N2H3 |
8.79 |
|
Harnstoff-Acidium-Ion |
CO(NH2)(NH3)+ |
0.18 |
Harnstoff |
CO(NH2)2 |
13.82 |
|
Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure |
HN3 |
4.76 |
Azid-Ion |
N3- |
9.24 |
|
Hyposalpetrige Säure |
(HNO)2 |
7.21 |
Hydrogenhyponitrit-Ion |
H(NO)2- |
6.79 |
Hydrogenhyponitrit-Ion |
H(NO)2- |
11.54 |
Hyponitrit-Ion |
(NO)22- |
2.46 |
|
Nitritazidium-Ion |
H2NO2+ |
-7 |
Salpetrige Säure |
HNO2 |
21 |
Salpetrige Säure |
HNO2 |
3.35 |
Nitrit-Ion |
NO2- |
10.65 |
|
Salpetersäure |
HNO3 |
-1.33 |
Nitrat-Ion |
NO3- |
15.33 |
|
Peroxohyposalpetrige Säure |
H2N2O(O2) |
2.51 |
Hydrogenperoxohyponitrit-Ion |
HN2O(O2)- |
11.49 |
Hydrogenperoxohyponitrit-Ion |
HN2O(O2)- |
9.70 |
Peroxohyponitrit-Ion |
N2O(O2)2- |
4.3 |
|
Peroxosalpetrige Säure |
HNO(O2) |
6.8 |
Peroxonitrit-Ion |
NO(O2)- |
7.2 |
|
Peroxosalpetersäure |
HNO2(O2) |
-5 |
Peroxonitrat-Ion |
NO2(O2)- |
19 |
|
|
pK-Werte nichtwässriger Säure-Base-Reaktionen: |
System |
Reaktion |
pK-Wert |
|
Ammoniak (Autoprotolyse): |
2 NH3 ↔ NH4+ + NH2- |
32 |
|
Hydrazin (Autoprotolyse): |
2 N2H4 ↔ N2H5+ + N2H3- |
13 |
|
Salpetersäure in Schwefelsäure: |
HNO3 + 2 H2SO4 ↔ NO2+ + H3O+ + 2 HSO4- |
-1.34 |
|