15, Phosphor (P)

Phosphorus, gr. phos = Licht, gr. pherein = tragen; Lichtträger

Säure-Base-Verhalten:
         
  C N O  
  Si P S  
  Ge As Se  
         
   
 
   
   
   
   
   

Säure/Base-Verhalten der Phosphor-Oxide:
  Reaktionen mit:
HF
100%		 H2SO4
conc.		 HCl
20%		 CH3COOH
25%		 H2O NH3
25%		 NaOH 10%
kalt		 NaOH 50%
heiß		 NaOH liq.
400°C
P4O6 PF3↑ H3PO3 (NH4)2HPO3 Na2HPO3 Na2HPO3 Na2HPO3
P4O10 PF5↑ (PO2)2SO4 H3PO4 (NH4)2HPO4 Na3PO4 Na3PO4 NaPO3
 
Legende: Lösung   Unlöslich   sauer →  neutral  → alkalisch  
 
 

pKS-Werte von Säure-Base-Paaren (HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-) :
Säurename Formel pKS-Wert Basenname Formel pKB-Wert
Phosponium-Ion PH4+ -14 Phosphan PH3 28
Phosphan PH3 23 Dihydrogenphosphid-Ion PH2- -9
Methylphosphonium-Ion CH3PH3+ 2.70 Methylphosphan CH3PH2 11.3
Trimethylphosphonium-Ion (CH3)3PH+ 8.65 Trimethylphosphan (CH3)3P 5.35
Triphenylphosphonium-Ion (C6H5)3PH+ 2.73 Triphenylphosphan (C6H5)3P 11.27
Diphosphan P2H4 26 Trihydrogendiphosphid-Ion P2H3- -12
Phosphinazidium-Ion H4PO2+ -1.05 Hypophosphorige Säure H3PO2 15.05
Hypophosphorige Säure H3PO2 2.23 Hypophosphit-Ion H2PO2- 11.77
Methylphosphinsäure HPO2(CH3) 3.08 Methylphosphinat-Ion PO2(CH3)- 10.92
Ethylphosphinsäure HPO2(C2H5) 3.29 Ethylphosphinat-Ion PO2(C2H5)- 10.71
Propylphosphinsäure HPO2(C3H7) 3.46 Propylphosphinat-Ion PO2(C3H7)- 10.54
Butylphosphinsäure HPO2(C4H9) 3.41 Butylphosphinat-Ion PO2(C4H9)- 10.59
Phosphonazidium-Ion H4PO3+ -2.02 Phosphorige Säure H3PO3 16.02
Phosphorige Säure H3PO3 1.92 Hydrogenphosphit-Ion H2PO3- 12.08
Hydrogenphosphit-Ion H2PO3- 6.59 Phosphit-Ion HPO32- 7.41
Hypodiphosphorsäure H4P2O6 2.22 Trihydrogenhypodiphosphat-Ion H3P2O6- 11.78
Trihydrogenhypodiphosphat-Ion H3P2O6- 2.82 Dihydrogenhypodiphosphat-Ion H2P2O62- 11.18
Dihydrogenhypodiphosphat-Ion H2P2O62- 7.27 Hydrogenhypodiphosphat-Ion HP2O63- 6.73
Hydrogenhypodiphosphat-Ion HP2O63- 10.03 Dihypophosphat-Ion P2O64- 3.97
Phosphatazidium-Ion H4PO4+ -5 Phosphorsäure H3PO4 19
Phosphorsäure H3PO4 2.13 Dihydrogenphosphat-Ion H2PO4- 11.87
Dihydrogenphosphat-Ion H2PO4- 7.21 Hydrogenphosphat-Ion HPO42- 6.79
Hydrogenphosphat-Ion HPO42- 12.36 Orthophosphat-Ion PO43- 1.64
Amidophosphat-Azidium-Ion H2PO3(NH3)+ -0.9 Amidophosphonsäure H2PO3(NH2) 14.9
Amidophosphonsäure H2PO3(NH2) 2.74 Hydrogenamidophosphonat-Ion HPO3(NH2)- 11.26
Hydrogenamidophosphonat-Ion HPO3(NH2)- 8.10 Amidophosphonat-Ion PO3(NH2)2- 5.9
Diamidophosphonsäure HPO2(NH2)2 4.83 Diamidophosphonat-Ion PO2(NH2)2- 9.17
Methylphosphonsäure H2PO3(CH3) 2.38 Hydrogenmethylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(CH3)- 11.62
Hydrogenmethylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(CH3)- 7.74 Methylphosphonat-Ion PO3(CH3)2- 6.26
Dimethylphosphonsäure HPO2(CH3)2 1.29 Dimethylphosphonat-Ion PO2(CH3)2- 12.71
Ethylphosphonsäure H2PO3(C2H5) 2.43 Hydrogenethylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(C2H5)- 11.57
Hydrogenethylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(C2H5)- 8.05 Ethylphosphonat-Ion PO3(C2H5)2- 5.95
Propylphosphonsäure H2PO3(C3H7) 2.49 Hydrogenpropylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(C3H7)- 11.51
Hydrogenpropylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(C3H7)- 8.18 Propylphosphonat-Ion PO3(C3H7)2- 5.82
Butylphosphonsäure H2PO3(C4H9) 2.79 Hydrogenbutylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(C4H9)- 11.21
Hydrogenbutylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(C4H9)- 8.88 Butylphosphonat-Ion PO3(C4H9)2- 5.12
Phenylphosphonsäure H2PO3(C6H5) 1.83 Hydrogenphenylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(C6H5)- 12.17
Hydrogenphenylphosphonat-Ion HPO3(C6H5)- 7.07 Phenylphosphonat-Ion PO3(C6H5)2- 6.93
Thiophosphorsäure H3PSO3 1.79 Dihydrogenthiophosphat-Ion H2PSO3- 12.21
Dihydrogenthiophosphat-Ion H2PSO3- 5.43 Hydrogenthiophosphat-Ion HPSO32- 8.57
Hydrogenthiophosphat-Ion HPSO32- 10.08 Thiophosphat-Ion PSO33- 3.92
Tetrathiophosphorsäure H3PS4 1.5 Dihydrogentetrathiophosphat-Ion H2PS4- 12.5
Dihydrogentetrathiophosphat-Ion H2PS4- 3.5 Hydrogentetrathiophosphat-Ion HPS42- 10.5
Hydrogentetrathiophosphat-Ion HPS42- 6.6 Tetrathiophosphat-Ion PS43- 7.4
Selenophosphorsäure H3PSeO3 0.02 Dihydrogenselenophosphat-Ion H2PSeO3- 13.98
Dihydrogenselenophosphat-Ion H2PSeO3- 3.12 Hydrogenselenophosphat-Ion HPSeO32- 10.88
Hydrogenselenophosphat-Ion HPSeO32- 6.30 Selenophosphat-Ion PSeO33- 7.7
Diphosphorsäure H4P2O7 1.52 Trihydrogendiphosphat-Ion H3P2O7- 12.48
Trihydrogendiphosphat-Ion H3P2O7- 2.36 Dihydrogendiphosphat-Ion H2P2O72- 11.64
Dihydrogendiphosphat-Ion H2P2O72- 6.60 Hydrogendiphosphat-Ion HP2O73- 7.4
Hydrogendiphosphat-Ion HP2O73- 9.25 Diphosphat-Ion P2O74- 4.75
Imidodiphosphorsäure H4P2O6NH 2 Trihydrogenimidodiphosphat-Ion H3P2O6NH- 12
Trihydrogenimidodiphosphat-Ion H3P2O6NH- 2.85 Dihydrogenimidodiphosphat-Ion H2P2O6NH2- 11.15
Dihydrogenimidodiphosphat-Ion H2P2O6NH2- 7.08 Hydrogenimidodiphosphat-Ion HP2O6NH3- 6.92
Hydrogenimidodiphosphat-Ion HP2O6NH3- 9.72 Imidodiphosphat-Ion P2O6NH4- 4.28
Triphosphorsäure H5P3O9 1 Tetrahydrogentriphosphat-Ion H4P3O9- 13
Tetrahydrogentriphosphat-Ion H4P3O9- 1.7 Trihydrogentriphosphat-Ion H3P3O92- 12.3
Trihydrogentriphosphat-Ion H3P3O92- 2 Dihydrogentriphosphat-Ion H2P3O93- 12
Dihydrogentriphosphat-Ion H2P3O93- 5.83 Hydrogentriphosphat-Ion HP3O94- 8.17
Hydrogentriphosphat-Ion HP3O94- 8.51 Triphosphat-Ion P3O95- 5.49
Tetraphosphorsäure H6P4O11 0.5 Pentahydrogentetraphosphat-Ion H5P4O11- 13.5
Pentahydrogentetraphosphat-Ion H5P4O11- 1 Tetrahydrogentetraphosphat-Ion H4P4O112- 13
Tetrahydrogentetraphosphat-Ion H4P4O112- 1.36 Trihydrogentetraphosphat-Ion H3P4O113- 12.64
Trihydrogentetraphosphat-Ion H3P4O113- 2.23 Dihydrogentetraphosphat-Ion H2P4O114- 11.77
Dihydrogentetraphosphat-Ion H2P4O114- 6.63 Hydrogentetraphosphat-Ion HP4O115- 7.37
Hydrogentetraphosphat-Ion HP4O115- 8.34 Tetraphosphat-Ion P4O116- 5.66
Peroxophosphorsäure H3PO5 1.1 Dihydrogenperoxophosphat-Ion H2PO5- 12.9
Dihydrogenperoxophosphat-Ion H2PO5- 5.5 Hydrogenperoxophosphat-Ion HPO52- 8.5
Hydrogenperoxophosphat-Ion HPO52- 12.8 Peroxophosphat-Ion PO53- 1.2
Peroxodiphosphorsäure H4P2O8 -3 Trihydrogenperoxodiphosphat H3P2O8- 17
Trihydrogenperoxodiphosphat H3P2O8- 0.5 Dihydrogenperoxodiphosphat H2P2O82- 13.5
Dihydrogenperoxodiphosphat H2P2O82- 5.18 Hydrogenperoxodiphosphat HP2O83- 8.82
Hydrogenperoxodiphosphat HP2O83- 7.67 Peroxodiphosphat P2O84- 6.33
Monofluorophosphorsäure H2PFO3 0.50 Hydrogenmonofluorophosphat-Ion HPFO3- 13.5
Hydrogenmonofluorophosphat-Ion HPFO3- 5.12 Monofluorophosphat-Ion PFO32- 8.88
Difluorophosphorsäure HPF2O2 -1.50 Difluorophosphat-Ion PF2O2- 15.5
Hexafluorophosphorsäure HPF6 -10 Hexafluorophosphat-Ion PF6- 24
 

pK-Werte nichtwässriger Säure-Base-Reaktionen:
System Reaktion pK-Wert
Phosphorsäure (Autoprotolyse): 2 H3PO4 ↔ H4PO4+ + H2PO4- 0.8