8, Sauerstoff (O)

Oxygenium, gr. oxys = Säure, gr. gennan = bilden; Säurebildner

Säure-Base-Verhalten:

         
   
  N O F  
  P S Cl  
         
   
 
   
   
   
   
   

pKS-Werte von Säure-Base-Paaren (HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-) :

Säurename Formel pKS-Wert Basenname Formel pKB-Wert

Hydronium-Ion H3O+ -1.76 Wasser H2O 15.76
Wasser H2O 15.76 Hydroxid-Ion OH- -1.76
Hydroxid-Ion OH- 29 Oxid-Ion O2- -15

Methyloxonium-Ion CH3OH2+ -2.2 Methanol CH3OH 16.2
Methanol CH3OH 15.54 Methanolat-Ion CH3O- -1.54

Dimethyloxonium-Ion (CH3)2OH+ -3.8 Dimethylether (CH3)2O 17.8

Ethyloxonium-Ion C2H5OH2+ -2.4 Ethanol C2H5OH 16.4
Ethanol C2H5OH 15.9 Ethanolat-Ion C2H5O- -1.9

Diethyloxonium-Ion (C2H5)2OH+ -3.5 Diethylether (C2H5)2O 17.5

Propyloxonium-Ion C3H7OH2+ -2.6 Propanol C3H7OH 16.6
Propanol C3H7OH 16.2 Propanolat-Ion C3H7O- -2.2

Isopropyloxonium CH3(CHOH2)CH3+ -3.2 Isopropanol CH3(CHOH)CH3 17.2
Isopropanol CH3(CHOH)CH3 17.1 Isopropanolat-Ion CH3(CHO)CH3- -3.1

t-Butyloxoniumion (CH3)3COH2+ -3.8 t-Butanol (CH3)3COH 17.8
t-Butanol (CH3)3COH 19 t-Butanolat-Ion (CH3)3CO- -5

Phenyloxonium-Ion C6H5OH2+ -6.7 Phenol C6H5OH 20.7
Phenol C6H5OH 9.99 Phenolat-Ion C6H5O- 4.01

Hydroperoxonium-Ion H3O2+ -7.7 Wasserstoffperoxid H2O2 21.7
Wasserstoffperoxid H2O2 11.62 Hydrogenperoxid-Ion HO2- 2.38
Hydrogenperoxid-Ion HO2- 16.8 Peroxid-Ion O22- -2.8

Methylhydroperoxid CH3OOH 11.5 Methylperoxid-Ion CH3OO- 2.5

Ethylhydroperoxid C2H5OOH 11.8 Ethylperoxid-Ion C2H5OO- 2.2

Isopropylhydroperoxid CH3(CHOOH)CH3 12.1 Propylperoxid-Ion CH3(CHOO)CH3- 1.9

Trioxidan H2O3 9.5 Hydrogentrioxid-Ion HO3- 4.5

Wasserstoffhyperoxid HO2 4.7 Hyperoxid-Ion O2- 9.3

Wasserstoffozonid HO3 8.2 Ozonid-Ion O3- 5.8

 

pK-Werte nichtwässriger Säure-Base-Reaktionen:

System Reaktion pK-Wert

Butanol (Autoprotolyse): 2 C4H9OH ↔ C4H9OH2+ + C4H9O- 21.6

Ethanol (Autoprotolyse): 2 C2H5OH ↔ C2H5OH2+ + C2H5O- 18.9

Isopropanol (Autoprotolyse): 2 CH3(CHOH)CH3 ↔ CH3(CHOH2)CH3+ + CH3(CHO)CH3- 20.6

Methanol (Autoprotolyse): 2 CH3OH ↔ CH3OH2+ + CH3O- 17.2

Pentanol (Autoprotolyse): 2 C5H11OH ↔ C5H11OH2+ + C5H11O- 20.6

Propanol (Autoprotolyse): 2 C3H7OH ↔ C3H7OH2+ + C3H7O- 19.4

Wasser (Autoprotolyse): 2 H2O ↔ H3O+ + OH- 14

Wasserstoffperoxid (Autoprotolyse): 2 H2O2 ↔ H3O2+ + HO2- 12.7