7, Stickstoff (N)

Nitrogenium, lat. niter = Salpeter, gr. gennan = bilden; Salpeterbildner

Säure-Base-Verhalten:

         
   
  C N O  
  Si P S  
         
   
 
   
   
   
   
   

Säure/Base-Verhalten der Stickstoff-Oxide:

  Reaktionen mit:
HF
100%
H2SO4
conc.
HCl
20%
CH3COOH
25%
H2O NH3
25%
NaOH 10%
kalt
NaOH 50%
heiß
NaOH liq.
400°C
N2O3 HNO2 NH4NO2 NaNO2 NaNO2 NaNO2
N2O5 NO2F (NO2)2SO4 NO2Cl HNO3 NH4NO3 NaNO3 NaNO3 NaNO3
 
Legende: Lösung   Unlöslich   sauer →  neutral  → alkalisch  
 
 

pKS-Werte von Säure-Base-Paaren (HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-) :

Säurename Formel pKS-Wert Basenname Formel pKB-Wert

Ammonium-Ion NH4+ 9.21 Ammoniak NH3 4.79
Ammoniak NH3 35 Amid-Ion NH2- -21

Hydroxylammonium-Ion NH3OH+ 8.20 Hydroxylamin NH2OH 5.8
Hydroxylamin NH2OH 13.7 Hydroxylamid-Ion NHOH- 0.3

Methylammonium-Ion CH3NH3+ 10.66 Methylamin CH3NH2 3.34

Dimethylammonium-Ion (CH3)2NH2+ 10.73 Dimethylamin (CH3)2NH 3.27

Trimethylammonium-Ion (CH3)3NH+ 9.81 Trimethylamin (CH3)3N 4.19

Ethylammonium-Ion C2H5NH3+ 10.81 Ethylamin C2H5NH2 3.19

Diethylammonium-Ion (C2H5)2NH2+ 10.49 Diethylamin (C2H5)2NH 3.51

Triethylammonium-Ion (C2H5)3NH+ 11.01 Triethylamin (C2H5)3N 2.99

Propylammonium-Ion C3H7NH3+ 10.57 Propylamin C3H7NH2 3.43

Dipropylammonium-Ion (C3H7)2NH2+ 10.91 Dipropylamin (C3H7)2N 3.09

Tripropylammonium-Ion (C3H7)3NH+ 10.66 Tripropylamin (C3H7)3N 3.34

Phenylammonium-Ion C6H5NH3+ 4.63 Anilin C6H5NH2 9.37

Diphenylammonium-Ion (C6H5)2NH2+ 0.78 Diphenylamin (C6H5)2NH 13.22

Triphenylammonium-Ion (C6H5)3NH+ -5 Triphenylamin (C6H5)3N 19

Nitromethan NO2CH3 10.2 Nitromethyl-Ion NO2CH2- 3.8

Nitramin NO2NH2 6.60 Nitramid-Ion NO2NH- 7.4

Dihydrazinium-Ion N2H62+ -0.88 Hydrazinium-Ion N2H5+ 14.88
Hydrazinium-Ion N2H5+ 7.93 Hydrazin N2H4 6.07
Hydrazin N2H4 24.7 Hydrazid-Ion N2H3- -10.7

Methylhydrazidium-Ion CH3N2H4+ 7.87 Methylhydrazin CH3N2H3 6.13

Ethylhydrazidium-Ion C2H5N2H4+ 7.99 Ethylhydrazin C2H5N2H3 6.01

Phenylhydrazidium-Ion C6H5N2H4+ 5.21 Phenylhydrazin C6H5N2H3 8.79

Harnstoff-Acidium-Ion CO(NH2)(NH3)+ 0.18 Harnstoff CO(NH2)2 13.82

Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure HN3 4.76 Azid-Ion N3- 9.24

Hyposalpetrige Säure (HNO)2 7.21 Hydrogenhyponitrit-Ion H(NO)2- 6.79
Hydrogenhyponitrit-Ion H(NO)2- 11.54 Hyponitrit-Ion (NO)22- 2.46

Nitritazidium-Ion H2NO2+ -7 Salpetrige Säure HNO2 21
Salpetrige Säure HNO2 3.35 Nitrit-Ion NO2- 10.65

Salpetersäure HNO3 -1.33 Nitrat-Ion NO3- 15.33

Peroxohyposalpetrige Säure H2N2O(O2) 2.51 Hydrogenperoxohyponitrit-Ion HN2O(O2)- 11.49
Hydrogenperoxohyponitrit-Ion HN2O(O2)- 9.70 Peroxohyponitrit-Ion N2O(O2)2- 4.3

Peroxosalpetrige Säure HNO(O2) 6.8 Peroxonitrit-Ion NO(O2)- 7.2

Peroxosalpetersäure HNO2(O2) -5 Peroxonitrat-Ion NO2(O2)- 19

 

pK-Werte nichtwässriger Säure-Base-Reaktionen:

System Reaktion pK-Wert

Ammoniak (Autoprotolyse): 2 NH3 ↔ NH4+ + NH2- 32

Hydrazin (Autoprotolyse): 2 N2H4 ↔ N2H5+ + N2H3- 13

Salpetersäure in Schwefelsäure: HNO3 + 2 H2SO4 ↔ NO2+ + H3O+ + 2 HSO4- -1.34