16, Schwefel (S)
Sulfur, lat. sulfur = Schwefel |
Säure-Base-Verhalten:
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Säure/Base-Verhalten der Schwefel-Oxide: |
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Reaktionen mit: |
HF 100% |
H2SO4 conc. |
HCl 20% |
CH3COOH 25% |
H2O |
NH3 25% |
NaOH 10% kalt |
NaOH 50% heiß |
NaOH liq. 400°C |
SO2 |
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H2SO3 |
NH4HSO3 |
Na2SO3 |
Na2SO3 |
Na2SO3 |
SO3 |
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H2S2O7 |
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H2SO4 |
(NH4)2SO4 |
Na2SO4 |
Na2SO4 |
Na2SO4 |
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Legende: |
Lösung |
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Unlöslich |
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sauer → neutral → alkalisch |
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pKS-Werte von Säure-Base-Paaren (HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-) : |
Säurename |
Formel |
pKS-Wert |
Basenname |
Formel |
pKB-Wert |
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Schwefelwasserstoff |
H2S |
7.06 |
Hydrogensulfid-Ion |
HS- |
6.94 |
Hydrogensulfid-Ion |
HS- |
12.92 |
Sulfid-Ion |
S2- |
1.08 |
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Methylsulfonium-Ion |
CH3SH2+ |
-6.8 |
Methanthiol |
CH3SH |
20.8 |
Methanthiol |
CH3SH |
10.4 |
Methanthiolat-Ion |
CH3S- |
3.6 |
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Ethanthiol |
C2H5SH |
10.50 |
Ethanthiolat-Ion |
C2H5S- |
3.5 |
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Propanthiol |
C3H7SH |
10.65 |
Propanthiolat-Ion |
C3H7S- |
3.35 |
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Butanthiol |
C4H9SH |
10.66 |
Butanthiolat-Ion |
C4H9S- |
3.34 |
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Thiophenol |
C6H5SH |
6.52 |
Thiophenolat-Ion |
C6H5S- |
7.48 |
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Disulfan |
H2S2 |
5 |
Hydrogendisulfid-Ion |
HS2- |
9 |
Hydrogendisulfid-Ion |
HS2- |
9.7 |
Disulfid-Ion |
S22- |
4.3 |
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Trisulfan |
H2S3 |
4.2 |
Hydrogentrisulfid-Ion |
HS3- |
9.8 |
Hydrogentrisulfid-Ion |
HS3- |
7.5 |
Trisulfid-Ion |
S32- |
6.5 |
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Tetrasulfan |
H2S4 |
3.8 |
Hydrogentetrasulfid-Ion |
HS4- |
10.2 |
Hydrogentetrasulfid-Ion |
HS4- |
6.3 |
Tetrasulfid-Ion |
S42- |
7.7 |
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Pentasulfan |
H2S5 |
3.5 |
Hydrogenpentasulfid-Ion |
HS5- |
10.5 |
Hydrogenpentasulfid-Ion |
HS5- |
5.7 |
Pentasulfid-Ion |
S52- |
8.3 |
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Hexasulfan |
H2S6 |
3.2 |
Hydrogenhexasulfid-Ion |
HS6- |
10.8 |
Hydrogenhexasulfid-Ion |
HS6- |
5.2 |
Hexasulfid-Ion |
S62- |
8.8 |
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Thioschwefelsäure |
H2S2O3 |
0.6 |
Hydrogenthiosulfat-Ion |
HS2O3- |
13.4 |
Hydrogenthiosulfat-Ion |
HS2O3- |
1.6 |
Thiosulfat-Ion |
S2O32- |
12.4 |
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Dithionige Säure |
H2S2O4 |
0.35 |
Hydrogendithionit-Ion |
HS2O4- |
13.65 |
Hydrogendithionit-Ion |
HS2O4- |
2.45 |
Dithionit-Ion |
S2O4- |
11.55 |
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Schweflige Säure |
H2SO3 |
1.92 |
Hydrogensulfit-Ion |
HSO3- |
12.08 |
Hydrogensulfit-Ion |
HSO3- |
7.21 |
Sulfit-Ion |
SO32- |
6.79 |
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Methylsulfinsäure |
(CH3)SO2H |
2.28 |
Methylsulfinat-Ion |
(CH3)SO2- |
11.72 |
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Phenylsulfinsäure |
(C6H5)SO2H |
1.84 |
Phenylsulfinat-Ion |
(C6H5)SO2- |
12.16 |
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Dithionsäure |
H2S2O6 |
-3.4 |
Hydrogendithionat-Ion |
HS2O6- |
17.4 |
Hydrogendithionat-Ion |
HS2O6- |
-0.2 |
Dithionat-Ion |
S2O62- |
14.2 |
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Sulfatazidium-Ion |
H3SO4+ |
-8.3 |
Schwefelsäure |
H2SO4 |
22.3 |
Schwefelsäure |
H2SO4 |
-3 |
Hydrogensulfat-Ion |
HSO4- |
17 |
Hydrogensulfat-Ion |
HSO4- |
1.92 |
Sulfat-Ion |
SO42- |
12.08 |
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Fluorosulfonsäure |
FSO3H |
-14 |
Fluorosulfonat-Ion |
FSO3- |
28 |
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Chlorosulfonsäure |
ClSO3H |
-10.43 |
Chlorosulfonat-Ion |
ClSO3- |
24.43 |
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Amidosulfonsäure |
NH2SO3H |
0.99 |
Amidosulfonat-Ion |
NH2SO3- |
13.01 |
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Hydrazidosulfonsäure |
N2H3SO3H |
3.85 |
Hydrazidosulfonat-Ion |
N2H3SO3- |
10.15 |
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Methansulfonsäure |
CH3SO3H |
-1.92 |
Methansulfonat-Ion |
CH3SO3- |
15.92 |
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Ethansulfonsäure |
C2H5SO3H |
-1.68 |
Ethansulfonat-Ion |
C2H5SO3- |
15.68 |
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1-Propansulfonsäure |
CH3(CH2)2SO3H |
-1.49 |
1-Propansulfonat-Ion |
CH3(CH2)2SO3- |
15.49 |
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2-Propansulfonsäure |
CH3(CHSO3H)CH3 |
-1.79 |
2-Propansulfonat-Ion |
CH3(CHSO3)CH3- |
15.79 |
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Butansulfonsäure |
C4H9SO3H |
-1.68 |
Butansulfonat-Ion |
C4H9SO3- |
15.68 |
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Octansulfonsäure |
C8H19SO3H |
-1.41 |
Octansulfonat-Ion |
C8H19SO3- |
15.41 |
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Benzolsulfonsäure |
C6H5SO3H |
-2.5 |
Benzolsulfonat-Ion |
C6H5SO3- |
16.5 |
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p-Toluolsulfonsäure |
C6H4CH3SO3H |
-2.8 |
p-Toluolsulfonat-Ion |
C6H4CH3SO3- |
16.8 |
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Trifluoromethansulfonsäure |
CF3SO3H |
-5.21 |
Trifluoromethansulfonat-Ion |
CF3SO3- |
19.21 |
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Pentafluoroethansulfonsäure |
C2F5SO3H |
-5.10 |
Pentafluoroethansulfonat-Ion |
C2F5SO3- |
19.1 |
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Heptafluoropropansulfonsäure |
C3F7SO3H |
-5.00 |
Heptafluoropropansulfonat-Ion |
C3F7SO3- |
19 |
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Dischwefelsäure |
H2S2O7 |
-12 |
Hydrogendisulfat-Ion |
HS2O7- |
26 |
Hydrogendisulfat-Ion |
HS2O7- |
-8 |
Disulfat-Ion |
S2O72- |
22 |
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Peroxoschwefelsäure |
H2SO5 |
0.8 |
Hydrogenperoxosulfat-Ion |
HSO5- |
13.2 |
Hydrogenperoxosulfat-Ion |
HSO5- |
9.86 |
Peroxosulfat-Ion |
SO52- |
4.14 |
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Peroxodischwefelsäure |
H2S2O8 |
-3.5 |
Hydrogenperoxodisulfat-Ion |
HS2O8- |
17.5 |
Hydrogenperoxodisulfat-Ion |
HS2O8- |
-2.8 |
Peroxodisulfat-Ion |
S2O82- |
16.8 |
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pK-Werte nichtwässriger Säure-Base-Reaktionen: |
System |
Reaktion |
pK-Wert |
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Fluorsulfonsäure (Autoprotolyse): |
2 HSO3F ↔ H2SO3F+ + SO3F- |
7.4 |
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Schwefelsäure (Autoprotolyse): |
2 H2SO4 ↔ H3SO4+ + HSO4- |
3.57 |
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Schwefelwasserstoff (Autoprotolyse): |
2 H2S ↔ H3S+ + SH- |
32.6 |
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Schwefel(IV)fluorid in Fluorwasserstoff: |
SF4 + HF ↔ SF3+ + HF2- |
1.7 |
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